What kind of grounding results when accomplished through a resistor or surge arrester?

The correct answer is that grounding accomplished through a resistor or surge arrester is referred to as resistance grounding. This method is used in electrical systems to limit the fault current in case of a ground fault. By incorporating a resistor into the grounding system, the ground current during a fault is controlled to a safer level, which can help in protecting both equipment and personnel.

In resistance grounding, the resistor is connected between the system's grounded neutral point and ground, allowing a certain amount of current to flow to ground while limiting the total fault current. This type of grounding is especially valuable in industrial applications, as it permits the system to continue operation during a ground fault, which is beneficial for minimizing downtime.

This approach is distinct from other grounding methods, such as solid grounding, which connects directly to ground without resistance, allowing higher fault currents. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and implications of resistance grounding in electrical systems is crucial for safety and reliability in power distribution networks.